The History of Batik Indonesia: Batik as Indonesia's Cultural Heritage Native

Batik

Batik is one way of making fabric. In addition, batik can refers intotwo things. The first is the technique of coloring clothusing wax toprevent staining partof the fabric. In the international literature, this technique is known as wax-resist dyeing. The second notion is the fabric or clothing made with these techniques, including the use of certain motifs that have uniqueness. BatikIndonesia, as the overall engineering, technology, and development-related motives and culture, UNESCO has been designated as Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity since October 2, 2009.

"Javanese batik motifs Parang Damage"

Etymology

The word "batik" is derived from the combination of twoJavanese words "amba", meaning "writing" and "titik" means "stop".

History of batik techniques

Art staining fabric with stain barriertechnique using waxis one of the ancient art form. The discovery in Egypt showedthat this technique has been knownsince the 4th century BC, with the discoverymummy wrapping clothwhich is also coated with wax to form a pattern. In Asia, a similar technique ofbatik is also appliedin China duringthe T'ang Dynasty (618-907) as well as in Indiaand Japan duringthe Nara Period (645-794). In Africa, such as batiktechnique known by the Yoruba tribe in Nigeria, and the Soninke and Wolof tribe in Senegal. In Indonesia, batik is believed to have existed since the time of Majapahit, andbecame very popular late eighteenth century or early nineteenth century. All produced batik isbatik hand until the early twentieth century and batik cap (printed) became known after World War I or aroundthe 1920's.

"Batik textile from Niya (Tarim Basin), China"

Although the word "batik" is derived from the Javanese, the presence of batik in Java itselfis not recorded. G.P.Rouffaer found batiktechnique is likely introduced from India orSri Lanka in the 6th century or the seventh. On the other hand, J.L.A. Brandes (Dutch archaeologist) and F.A. Sutjipto (historian Indonesia) believe that the tradition of batik is a nativeof the area such as Toraja, Flores, Halmahera and Papua. It should be noted that the area isnot the area that is affected by Hinduism butknown to the ancient tradition of batik making.

G.P. Rouffaer gringsing also reported that the pattern has been known since the 12th century in Kediri, East Java. He concluded that this pattern can only be formed by using thetool "canting", so he arguesthat the "canting" is found in Java at the time about it. Detailed carvingsthat resemble batik cloth worn by Prajnaparamita, the statue of the Buddhist goddess of wisdom from East Java the 13th century. Detailed dress featuring patterns of vines and delicate flowers similar to traditional Javanese batikpatterns that can be found today. This suggests that making intricate batik patterns that can only be made ​​with a canting has been known in Java since the 13th century or even earlier.

"Detail engraving of cloth worn Prajnaparamita, statues from East Java the 13th century. Carving pattern of circles filled with flowers and tendrils plant complex is similar to traditional Javanese batik patterns."

"women use a canting to paint the batik with hot wax"

Legend in Malayliterature of the 17th century, Sulalatus Salatin tellsAdmiral Hang Nadimordered by Sultan Mahmud to sail toIndia to get 140pieces of fabric litter with 40 kinds of flowerpatterns on each page. Being unable to fulfillthe order, he made himself the fabrics were. But unfortunately shipwrecked on the way home and only able to take four pieces thatmake the Emperor disappointed. By some commentators, who? litter was interpreted as batik.

In European literature, batik technique was first described in the book History of Java (London, 1817) writings of Sir Thomas StamfordRaffles. He was a British Governor of Java during Napoleon occupied the Netherlands. In 1873 a Dutch merchant Van providea piece of batik Rijekevorselobtained during a visit to Indonesia to the EthnicMuseum in Rotterdamand at the beginning of the 19th centurythat began to reach the golden age of batik. When exhibited at theExposition Universelle in Paris in 1900, Indonesian batik rivetingpublic and artists.

Since industrialization and globalization, which introduces automation techniques, new types emerged batik, known as batik cap (printed)  andbatik lukis (painted), whiletraditional batik produced by the technique of handwriting using cantingand wax calledbatik "tulis". HughClifford recording industry in the Weekin 1895 for producingbatik, rainbow fabric, and telepok fabric.

Reference : http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batik